Gerakan Tajdīd Berdasarkan Sumber Hukum Islam, Akal, dan Wahyu Perspektif Muhammad Abduh

Abstract

This article aims to examine the concept and characteristics of the tajdīd (renewal) movement in Islam based on the sources of Islamic law reason and revelation from the perspective of Muhammad Abduh. The study focuses on how Abduh positions the relationship between human rationality and the authority of revealed texts in responding to the stagnation of Islamic thought and the challenges of modernity. This research employs a qualitative approach with a library research design. The data are derived from Muhammad Abduh’s principal works, such as Risālah al-Tauḥīd and Tafsīr al-Manār (co-authored with Rashid Rida), as well as secondary sources in the form of relevant books and scholarly journal articles. Data collection was conducted through documentation techniques, while data analysis utilized descriptive-analytical and historical-critical approaches. The findings indicate that Muhammad Abduh’s tajdīd movement is grounded in efforts to harmonize reason and revelation, rejecting blind taqlīd and advocating for contextual ijtihad Reason is regarded as an essential instrument for understanding revelation substantively, without undermining the authority of the Qur’an and the Sunnah. Abduh asserts that the decline of the Muslim community stems from intellectual stagnation, the misuse of tradition, and the separation of religion from rational inquiry. Accordingly, tajdīd is directed toward reforming religious thought, education, and social life in order to restore Islam as a rational, dynamic, and timeless religion. In conclusion, this study affirms that tajdīd, according to Muhammad Abduh, constitutes an intellectual and social project that positions reason and revelation in a complementary relationship. This concept remains relevant as a foundation for the renewal of Islamic law and thought in the modern era without compromising the fundamental principles of Islam.